Erosion is a geological process where natural forces like wind, water, ice, and gravity wear down and transport soil, rock, and other surface materials from one location to another. It plays a significant role in shaping the Earth's surface, gradually altering landscapes over time. Erosion can occur over years, decades, or even millions of years, creating features such as valleys, canyons, and riverbanks.
The most common type, caused by rain, rivers, streams, and ocean waves.
Example: A river cutting through rock to form a canyon, such as the Grand Canyon. Rainwater can also wash away topsoil, especially on slopes.
Occurs in dry, barren areas where there is little vegetation to hold soil in place.
Example: Sand dunes in deserts formed by wind moving fine particles of sand from one place to another.
Caused by the movement of glaciers, which are massive, slow-moving rivers of ice. As glaciers move, they scrape and carve the land beneath them.
Example: U-shaped valleys in mountain regions created by glacial activity during the Ice Age.
Gravity causes rocks and soil to move downhill, often as landslides, rockfalls, or mudslides.
Example: A landslide on a steep slope after heavy rain loosens the soil.
Waves and currents wear away shorelines, creating cliffs, caves, and beaches.
Example: The cliffs along the coasts of England have eroded over time due to constant wave action.